Thermodynamic and Kinetic Behaviors of Lead (II) Adsorption on Activated Carbon Derived from Palmyra Palm Nut
Joseph T. Nwabanne, Philomena K. Igbokwe

Abstract
The kinetics and thermodynamics of lead (11) uptake from aqueous using palmyra palm nut (PPN) as potential raw material for the preparation of activated carbon was studied. The effect of various factors namely pH, adsorbent dosage, and adsorbent particle size was studied to identify the adsorption capacity of palmyra palm nut. The amount of Pb2+ adsorbed was found to be dependent on adsorbent dosage, pH, and particle size.. The equilibrium data conformed to Langmuir and Freundlich models while pseudo second-order best described the kinetics of the adsorption process. The thermodynamics parameters such as enthalpy, entropy and free energy were evaluated using the van’t Hoff equations. The determined negative free energy changes (ΔG) and positive entropy changes (ΔS) indicate the feasibility and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. The positive values of enthalpy change (ΔH) suggest that the adsorption process is endothermic. It is evident from the results that palmyra palm nut, a low-cost adsorbent, can be used for the removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution

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