Endangered Element Vanadium: Can the Texas Oil and Gas Sector provide it a Sustainable Future?
Andrea Ashley-Oyewole

Abstract
Vanadium currently holds position two on the endangered element list. It is vital for emerging medium and large battery storage systems for wind and solar power sources (Chemical Innovation Knowledge Transfer Network, 2017; Ciotola, Maryegli, Colombo, & Poganietz, 2020). Vanadium is a crucial component in metallurgy, aerospace, rail, nuclear and chemical industries; efficient and environmentally friendly reprocessing of the metal is necessary (Zhang et al., 2017; Vanitec Ltd., 2018). Changes in the geopolitical landscape have already begun to affect many areas of the scientific community, namely access to markets as well as mineral commodities supplies required for advanced technology (Polyak, 2017; Moss, Tzimas, Kara, Willis, & Kooroshy, 2013; Ali et al., 2017; Henckens, van Ierland, Driessen, & E, 2016). So diversifying suppliers through more local recycling efforts can simultaneously alleviate uncertainty in supply and create new green jobs in Texas.

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