Integration of Laser Scanning and Photogrammetry in 3D/4D Cultural Heritage Preservation – A Review
Amin Talha Hassan, Dieter Fritsch

Abstract
Developments in photogrammetric systems together with terrestrial laser scanning workflows are creating increasingly comprehensive and accurate 3D colored point cloud data. Also, new methodologies in cartographic production have become possible. Point clouds are currently the most popular laser scanning approach. In contrast, photogrammetric Dense Image Matching (DIM) generates dense colored point clouds and concentrates on representative structures of the object. Both technologies provide dense 3D point clouds, neither represents a clearly superior result in terms of quality. The integration of both output datasets from the two techniques, photogrammetry and laser scanning, is a prerequisite to take advantage of the complementary characteristics. In addition, the challenges represented by four-dimensional (4D) modeling require additional adjustments and modifications, due to restoration procedures, excavation, weather conditions or natural phenomena factors. This paper presents a review of the present integration methods. A SWOT analysis of the sources of 3D information, from laser scanning and imagery, is conducted as a comparative analysis.

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